My PhD explored the relationship between ideas about risk and the development of social welfare policies in Germany, Britain and Italy from the 1880s to the early 1920s by focusing on a case study of workplace accidents. By examining the topic from comparative and transnational perspectives, I sought to investigate how domestic and transnational discussions about national welfare policy related to changing conceptions of national identity and national strength. With my dissertation, I also sought to contribute to current debates about social welfare reform.